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Jim Simons, a Pioneer of Quantitative Trading, Dies at 86

A cutting-edge code breaker and geometer, Simons helped pioneer a revolution in trading, embracing a computer-oriented, quantitative style in the 1980s well ahead of the Wall Street crowd. He and his team employed trading algorithms and artificial intelligence to outperform the market—and the likes of Warren Buffett and George Soros. Later, Simons became a political donor and an influential philanthropist in the worlds of science, health, and education.

Simons, the son of a Boston shoe factory executive, developed an early passion for mathematics and ignored the advice of the family physician who urged him to steer clear of the field because he wouldn’t make a living. The warning proved misplaced.

Simons began his career as a professor at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University. He proved popular with students. One year, Simons amused a graduate class by confessing that he didn’t know much about the topic—partial differential equations— but that he viewed teaching the course as a good way to learn.

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What Documents Do I Need to Keep on File?

People are often confused as to what documents to keep in their files. Records relating to tax and legal matters, healthcare issues, assets and liabilities, as well as other important transactions should be kept in case they are needed in the future.

In this checklist, we cover a number of documents that you should consider keeping in case you encounter any number of issues.

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The Securities and Exchange Commission is Watching You

The Securities and Exchange Commission is deploying a massive government database—the Consolidated Audit Trail, or CAT—that monitors in real-time the identity, transactions, and investment portfolio of everyone who invests in the stock market. As SEC Commissioner Hester Peirce describes it, by allowing the commission to “watch investors’ every move in real-time,” CAT will make it easier to investigate insider trading or market manipulation.

But as a lawsuit being filed Tuesday in Texas federal court makes clear, CAT crosses a constitutional red line. Accepting this sweeping surveillance would eviscerate fundamental privacy protections. That a few bad apples might engage in misconduct doesn’t justify mass surveillance of everyone’s private affairs.

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Confirmation, Availability and Additivity: Biases That Can Impact Us All

As I’m sure many of you have heard, Nobel Prize-winning and pioneering psychologist Daniel Kahneman, Ph.D., died in late March 2024. He, along with Amos Tversky, is largely credited with founding and popularizing the field of behavioral economics, which has had a huge influence on diverse fields ranging from psychology to public policy to law to finance.

So, I thought I’d use this space to reflect on three biases that I’ve been thinking a lot about lately that have their roots in the work that Kahneman and his colleagues started. Two of them are classic — confirmation bias and availability bias. One is relatively new — let’s call it the “additive bias” — and has its grounding in the field that Kahneman helped found.

In all three cases, I love thinking about how the central insights apply to modern-day interactions between advisers and clients and how we might improve our lives (and the lives of our clients) if we attend to them more deeply.

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